© Carolina López Medina

Universidad de Jaén (España)

                                                                                                                                                                                                              Esta dirección de correo electrónico está siendo protegida contra los robots de spam. Necesita tener JavaScript habilitado para poder verlo.

Summary

In this contribution we try to examine the main particularities of the right to personal data protection in the Spanish Judiciary, made up of judges and courts that, in the practice of its powers, process a large amount of personal data of the individuals involved in judicial cases (parties, witnesess). Moreover, we aim to connect the above mentioned right with the fundamental right to information, though analysing the main measures and recommendations set by the 2018 Protocol on the Judiciary Communications, developed by the Communication Desk of General Council of the Judiciary, so that judicial information, particularly the criminal one, comes to society in a truthful, clear, effective and neutral manner and taking into account the rights and freedoms of the individuals involved in the cases.

Hemos preparado un tema especial para el número 26 de nuestra revista. En mayo de 2019 hará un año que el Reglamento de Protección de Datos de la Unión Europea ha entrado en vigor. Mucho se ha oído sobre él y sobre los datos personales antes y después de esa fecha. No sólo en los medios de comunicación, sino también a nivel de calle, en los pequeños y medianos negocios y, por supuesto, en las grandes empresas.

La aprobación, en España, de la Ley Orgánica 3/2018 amplió el eco del Reglamento y sembró la confusión al saberse que los partidos políticos podrán hacer bases de datos con la información ideológica de los internautas, poniéndola, quizás, o en cuanto puedan y sea viable, al servicio de sus concretísimos intereses electorales. La posibilidad de elaborar nuestros perfiles es una realidad. Después de todo lo que se ha comentado sobre el affair Cambridge Analytica, parecía una necesidad abordar el tema y, en la medida de lo posible, profundizar en la cuestión de la inteligencia artificial y el algoritmo.

Fruto de esa propuesta pública es el número coordinado por Pilar Cousido González y Estrella Gutiérrez David que ahora se presenta. El profesor Emmanuel Derieux, de la universidad parisina Panthéon-Assas, nos ofrece su reflexión sobre la protección de datos y la libertad de información en Francia tras la adopción del nuevo Reglamento europeo. El catedrático de la Universidad de Cádiz Antonio Troncoso Reigada, Director de la Agencia de Protección de Datos de la Comunidad de Madrid entre 2001 y 2010, realiza un recorrido muy útil por los vericuetos procedimentales que han llevado a la aprobación de la Ley 3/2018, de Protección de Datos y Garantía de los Derechos Digitales. 

La profesora complutense Pilar Dopazo Fraguío presenta una parte de las conclusiones de su proyecto de investigación El régimen jurídico-público de los drones, en una colaboración en la que pondera la protección de datos y los derechos digitales. Por su parte, la también profesora UCM Rosa María García Sanz se muestra crítica con el Reglamento identificando algunos problemas jurídicos de primera magnitud derivados de su redacción y contenido. La investigadora Rosa María Tourís López describe y explica con gran coherencia el régimen legal de los datos estadísticos, en general, y de los relacionados con el crimen, en particular. La profesora mejicana Rosa María de la Torre Torres y la investigadora Brenda Yessenia Olalde Vázquez dan un paso más y trascienden el ámbito nacional, para adentrarse en el proceloso mar de la extraterritorialidad del Reglamento y sus repercusiones para las empresas mejicanas y españolas con intereses económicos en el territorio de la Unión Europea.

La investigadora jienense Carolina López Medina se interesa por la protección de datos desde la perspectiva del poder judicial español. Por su parte, el abogado Rafael del Real Rubio y la profesora UCM María Luisa Sánchez Calero muestran la conjunción que operar en la actualidad entre el periodismo de datos y la inteligencia artificial.  Por su parte, Carolina del Valle Montoya Santiago, investigadora complutense, profundiza en los datos sanitarios y su alcance, más allá del derecho a la intimidad. Aquí quedan, entonces, todas estas aristas que nos permiten construir un poliedro multifacético con los impactos de la nueva regulación de datos personales.

© Rosa María de la Torre Torres

Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo (México)

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©Brenda Yessenia Olalde Vázquez

Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo (México)

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Summary

On May the 25^th, 2018 came into force the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), relating to the Protection of Personal Data of Persons and the Free Movement of Data. This European Union Regulation has implications beyond the borders of the very same EU.

The aim of this paper is to analyze the effect of the extraterritorial application of the new Regulation of the EU, in the Mexican legal space of data protection.

The recitals and articles of the GDPR related to the extraterritorial application of this regulation are of special interest as they help to blur the juridical borders that, until recently, hindered the effective protection of personal data in the state legislations.

There are three aspects of main relevance that this regulation provides for in terms of data protection: concerning the data processing activities related to the supply of goods or services to interested parties in the EU, the activities of processing personal data by a controller or a processor not established in the EU and the processing of personal data made by controllers not settled in the EU and to whom the Law of a Member State is applicable due to International Public Law.

The analyzed Regulation here sets new interesting parameters in terms of territorial application, involving companies and individuals that previously would not be affected by it.

© Rosa María Tourís López

Secretaría de Estado de Seguridad

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Summary

The Statistical Services are in charge of the collection, treatment and systematic ordering of the data required for the exercise of the public statistical function, in many cases dealing with personal data. Hence those Services have to assess and balance the applicability of the rules concerning the State bodies in charge of statistal functions, and, especially, statistical confidentiality when information is requested in accordance with the right of access to information related to statistical crimes´ data, along with the regulations on personal data protection.

© Rosa María García Sanz

Universidad Complutense de Madrid (España)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Esta dirección de correo electrónico está siendo protegida contra los robots de spam. Necesita tener JavaScript habilitado para poder verlo.

Summary

General Data Protection Regulation provides several provisions that allow political parties to perform lawful processing of sensitive data based on very ambiguous terminology, such as “public interest”. These provisions allow a wide range of interpretation, creating a lot of risks, such as inconsistency between published law and practice. In addition, a very powerful technology, which current electoral law does not contemplate, makes all these issues a very important challenge to democracy. Robust legal and technical measures along with absolute transparency over data processing must be provided. It could help prevent abuses and safeguard against some threats to representative democracy.

© Pilar Dopazo Fraguío

Universidad Complutense de Madrid (España)

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Summary

In this paper we present and analyze the main regulatory developments relating to data protection that have been incorporated by the General Data Protection Regulation [Spanish acronym RGPD] (2016) enacted, with full effect since May 2018, and considered a summup of the guiding principles applicable to data processing. Also, in Spain, developing and completing this European law, -binding and shared law by the 27 UE members-, there has been promulgated the Organic Law 3/2018, of December the 5th, on Personal Data Protection and Guarantee of Digital Rights. It has entered into force in December, the 7th. The latter also incorporates an innovative catalogue of digital rights which is a legal milestone, recognizing the aforementioned rights, and lays the groundwork for strengthening the fundamental protection of this specific type of rights, characterized by their sensitive identifying objects – increasingly appreciated non-tangible legal goods- that require a dignified protection and ad hoc guarantees.

© Emmanuel DERIEUX

Universidad Panthéon-Assas (Paris 2)

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(Traducción al español: M.P. Cousido-González)

Summary

The French Law of January, the 6^th, 1978, called “Law on computing and freedoms”, has been amended and completed on several occasions. Even recently, by the Law of June, the 20^th, 2018, to adapt it to the European Regulation of April, 27^th, 2016, called “General Regulation on Data Protection (GRDP)”. Its text has been revised by the Ordinance of December, the 12^th, 2018, so, officially, it becomes clearer and more coherent. For the benefit of individuals, both texts enshrine the principle of the right to protected personal data. Notwithstanding, in those texts there are exemptions to the set rules for the sake of the journalistic activity.

Octavio Islas

Universidad de los Hemisferios

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Summary

In the first part of this work, I recover the Cyberspace Declaration of Independence, the emotional text written by John Perry Barlow, one of the lyricists of the legendary rock band Grateful Dead. In that document was expressed the naïve emancipatory spirit that prevailed in cyberspace. In the second part I highlight the importance of the neutrality principle of the network, and I refer to the most relevant associated principles. The end of net neutrality affects most associated principles. In the third part of the text I present the main arguments of the defenders of net neutrality, as well as those who operated to eliminate it. In the fourth part, I refer to the most outstanding events in this debate, which by far transcends the Internet and telecommunications industries in the United States. Its repercussions will be global. In the fifth and last section, I describe how Ajit Pai, president of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), operated to fulfill the task entrusted to him by President Donald Trump: to eliminate the net neutrality.

© Elisabetta Bruna Zaffino

Università Magna Graecia di Catanzaro (Italia)

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Summary

            In this paper, we seek to focus on a phenomenon of unstoppable expansion such as the use of the Internet networks in the information and communications system.

What we propose to highlight here is the consequences that may derive from an unsustainable use of this tool. The Internet, as a vehicle of obvious importance in many realities, has contributed to improving the social conditions of men. Just think of the simplified access to information or of the recognition of personal moments of expression that have led many socio-political debates horizontally up to the creation of platforms that allow expressing opinions on the work of certain ruling classes.

The global dimension of the phenomenon and its ability to penetrate the social fabric has encouraged the masses to enter the circle of opinion leaders, generating an inversion of the tendency of information itself, so that by means of the asseveration of freedom and symbol of collapse of the barriers its use has denied the original libertarian design facilitating disinformation, propaganda and populism, in a vicious circle of visibility at any cost that involves mass media, governments, organizations and users themselves.

The mobilization towards this type of information has also shifted propaganda to a terrorist and criminal background, facilitating the transmission of messages and recruitment activities and benefiting from the greatest difficulties of the investigative departments.

The theory we are trying to report is based on a setback that leads to the search for a center of gravity of social and cultural balance that moves from personal awareness and requires a management system that knows how to ring a new concept of education and training towards individuals, able to relate and face the challenges that cyber-space poses.

Juan María Martínez Otero 

Universidad de Valencia (España)

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Summary

More than a decade after its publication, the Spanish Code of Self-regulation on Children and TV is still an inefficient instrument to protect minors in the audiovisual landscape. This fact, alongside with changes in the audiovisual realm, recommends some reflections about what has gone wrong in that Code, in order to correct its defects and establish a more efficient and transparent self-regulating system. This article contains a proposal to achieve this objective